Book: Natural and Artificial Intelligence by A. de Callata˙
| - I have developed a brain model described in my book: Natural and Artificial Intelligence: Processor Systems Compared to the
Human Brain, (1986) North Holland (Elsevier), Amsterdam. (500 pages, in quarto) - (A Japanese translation is published by Maruzen Co., Tokyo). |
- The book reviews the main features of computers (hardware
and AI software) and robots. - It develops and sizes special types of neural networks. - It reviews the knowledge on biological brains relevant to the functional models. - It describes a large-scale functional brain model. |
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- After the first edition, I found necessary to first destroy the
misconceptions preventing the model acceptance. - A second edition includes a prologue (130 pages) about misconceptions (a list is given below) - A main misconception is a narrow view on the adaptive, plastic nervous system preventing to see the biological winner-takes-all functions. - Another misconception assumes that any logic must be strictly consistent. This prejudice prevents the use of any deductive model, making impossible a comprehensive view of the brain operations. -The enlarged annexes (51 pages) are an update on neuroscience and on the corresponding features of the suggested brain model. - The expanded edition was published in 1992. - de Callata˙ A. (1992) Natural and Artificial Intelligence: Misconceptions about Brains and Neural Networks, New, expanded Edition, North Holland (Elsevier), Amsterdam (690 pages: hardcover or paperback). Link to my book at Elsevier site |
| Misconceptions about brains and neural networks - (Pages P4 and P5 of the book). - In the prologue, I try to shake the foundations of many current ideas. - Should thought have a unifying principle? - Should neuronal networks be homogenous? - Are all-or-none switches biologically impossible? |
- Must memory disappear in biological organisms continuously
modified? - Is the plasticity of neuronal maps incompatible with computer models? - Are the neuronal computations mostly based on inhibition and excitation? |
| - Is the topographical organization of brains necessary
everywhere? - Do we forget our previous habits and beliefs after having changed them? - Are our behaviors frequently perturbed by noise? |
- Is the large variance of our movements incompatible with
digital systems? - Does machine behavior have less variance than that of animals? - Does adaptive learning exclude irreversible memorization? |
| - Is symbolic computation incompatible with approximate
reasoning? - Is combinatorial explosion of cases unavoidable in symbolic systems? - Is information distribution more reliable than redundancy? - Do Lashley's experiments prove that brain memory must be distributed? |
- Is addition of learned events impossible in conventional
neural networks? - Are grand-mother neurons impossible in the real nervous system? - Are Gestalt phenomena incompatible with symbolic processing? - Are attractor neural networks more reliable than grand-mother networks? |
| - Is instant learning rare? - Are generalized rules necessary for reasoning? - Is AI a rigid logic method? - Is rote learning incompatible with understanding? |
- Does intelligent classification need a teacher? - Can classification be a continuous operation? - Can a rhythmic system be non-oscillatory? - Is the variance of reaction time incompatible with a rhythmic control? |
| - Does natural intelligence infer instead of deciding? - Is making decisions a complex algorithm? - Do decisions depend on the way the quantum wave collapses? - Must we find mathematical formulae explaining thought? |
- Is document retrieval a complex algorithm? - Is reasoning by analogy a complex algorithm? - Is intention a mental concept not implementable in hardware? - Is consciousness not understandable as a mechanism? |
| - Do the limitations of expert systems prove that AI is an
inadequate model? - Do Gödel's and Turing's limitations of mathematics and computers prevent natural intelligence by machines? |
- Are the primary elements of brain knowledge permanent
things? - Must we first find how similarities are computed? - Is long-term memorization preceded by short-term memorization? |
| - Can parsing be a continuous operation? - Is human behavior not stereotyped? - Is spontaneous human behavior frequently efficient? |
- Is human behavior optimized? - Is it impossible that simple mechanisms combined produce intelligence? |
| - I explain in the book why the response to all these questions might be "no". |
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in print. Copyrighted: Armand de Callata˙, 1999, XLKL Base location |